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"Black, Jay"
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High-throughput microCT scanning of small specimens: preparation, packing, parameters and post-processing
High-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography, or microCT (μCT), enables the digital imaging of whole objects in three dimensions. The power of μCT to visualize internal features without disarticulation makes it particularly valuable for the study of museum collections, which house millions of physical specimens documenting the spatio-temporal patterns of life. Despite the potential for comparative analyses, most μCT studies include limited numbers of museum specimens, due to the challenges of digitizing numerous individuals within a project scope. Here we describe a method for high-throughput μCT scanning of hundreds of small (< 2 cm) specimens in a single container, followed by individual labelling and archival storage. We also explore the effects of various packing materials and multiple specimens per capsule to minimize sample movement that can degrade image quality, and hence μCT investment. We demonstrate this protocol on vertebrate fossils from Queensland Museum, Australia, as part of an effort to track community responses to climate change over evolutionary time. This system can be easily modified for other types of wet and dry material amenable to X-ray attenuation, including geological, botanical and zoological samples, providing greater access to large-scale phenotypic data and adding value to global collections.
Journal Article
Black enough : stories of being young & black in America
A collection of short stories explore what it is like to be young and black, centering on the experiences of black teenagers and emphasizing that one person's experiences, reality, and personal identity are different than someone else.
Book
Host Traits and Phylogeny Contribute to Shaping Coral-Bacterial Symbioses
The success of tropical scleractinian corals depends on their ability to establish symbioses with microbial partners. Host phylogeny and traits are known to shape the coral microbiome, but to what extent they affect its composition remains unclear. Here, by using 12 coral species representing the complex and robust clades, we explored the influence of host phylogeny, skeletal architecture, and reproductive mode on the microbiome composition, and further investigated the structure of the tissue and skeleton bacterial communities. Our results show that host phylogeny and traits explained 14% of the tissue and 13% of the skeletal microbiome composition, providing evidence that these predictors contributed to shaping the holobiont in terms of presence and relative abundance of bacterial symbionts. Based on our data, we conclude that host phylogeny affects the presence of specific microbial lineages, reproductive mode predictably influences the microbiome composition, and skeletal architecture works like a filter that affects bacterial relative abundance. We show that the β-diversity of coral tissue and skeleton microbiomes differed, but we found that a large overlapping fraction of bacterial sequences were recovered from both anatomical compartments, supporting the hypothesis that the skeleton can function as a microbial reservoir. Additionally, our analysis of the microbiome structure shows that 99.6% of tissue and 99.7% of skeletal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were not consistently present in at least 30% of the samples, suggesting that the coral tissue and skeleton are dominated by rare bacteria. Together, these results provide novel insights into the processes driving coral-bacterial symbioses, along with an improved understanding of the scleractinian microbiome.
Journal Article
Author Correction: High-throughput microCT scanning of small specimens: preparation, packing, parameters and post-processing
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Journal Article
Polarization conversion in plasmonic nanoantennas for metasurfaces using structural asymmetry and mode hybridization
Polarization control using single plasmonic nanoantennas is of interest for subwavelength optical components in nano-optical circuits and metasurfaces. Here, we investigate the role of two mechanisms for polarization conversion by plasmonic antennas: Structural asymmetry and plasmon hybridization through strong coupling. As a model system we investigate L-shaped antennas consisting of two orthogonal nanorods which lengths and coupling strength can be independently controlled. An analytical model based on field susceptibilities is developed to extract key parameters and to address the influence of antenna morphology and excitation wavelength on polarization conversion efficiency and scattering intensities. Optical spectroscopy experiments performed on individual antennas, further supported by electrodynamical simulations based on the Green Dyadic Method, confirm the trends extracted from the analytical model. Mode hybridization and structural asymmetry allow address-ing different input polarizations and wavelengths, providing additional degrees of freedom for agile polarization conversion in nanophotonic devices.
Journal Article
SILENT CAL AND THE INVISIBLE AUDIENCE: THE SOCIOTECHNOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESIDENTIAL VOICE
Fist pounding, yelling, and fire and brimstone tactics were required at every whistle-stop in order to fire up a crowd - not only so that they would vote for a candidate but also to convince the audience members to speak to others who were not able to attend the political rally. [...] secondary orality generates a sense for group measurably larger than those of primary oral culture - McLuhan's 'global village'. [...] before writing, oral folk were group-minded because no feasible alternative had presented itself.
Journal Article
THE STAR IMAGE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY OF SESSUE HAYAKAWA AND MARLENE DIETRICH
Black delves into the star image and national identity of actors Sessue Hayakawa and Marlene Dietrich. Hayakawa achieved his superstardom at a time when Asian immigration was steadily becoming illegalized. The 1922 Ozawa case made it official by racializing Japanese as nonwhite \"aliens ineligible for citizenship\". Hayakawa straddled a middle ground between his Japanese racial and cultural heritage and that of white American uniformity. Thus technically illegal, Hayakawa represented a successful American assimilation of Japanese exoticism and embodied the American stereotype of the Japanese people. On the other hand, the American imaginary not only tamed but also colonized Dietrich's foreign otherness by allowing her to adapt her whiteness and cultural identity. An important off-screen accomplishment was becoming an American citizen, thus, no longer embodying but transforming her German identity. Furthermore, by performing her role of the seductress to the troops, often only a couple of miles from the front line, her persona was no longer seen as a threat but as an attribute to the American cause making her an American patriot.
Journal Article
AMOOZIN' BUT CONFOOZIN': COMIC STRIPS AS A VOICE OF DISSENT IN THE 1950S
Forms of expression, values and perceptions, symbolic patterns, beliefs and myths that enabled Americans to make sense of the world around them appeared contaminated following World War II by unseemly political interests as American culture polarized. According to Walt Kelly (1966, 8, 96), neither have ever really died - at times they are only unemployed. During a time when First Amendment rights were questioned, comic strips allowed their writers political cover to make arguments against the establishment, giving Americans a unique chance to examine their fears by re-enforcing rather than tearing apart 1950s values, symbolic patterns, and beliefs.
Journal Article